Lima, the capital city of Peru, is a captivating blend of history, culture, and modern development. Its architecture is a true reflection of the city’s rich past, from the time of the Spanish conquest to the modern-day urban sprawl. The cityscape presents a mix of colonial churches, pre-Columbian ruins, modernist buildings, and contemporary structures that collectively shape the architectural identity of Lima. For backpackers and architecture lovers alike, Lima offers a treasure trove of sites to explore, with every building telling a unique story of its origin and purpose.
Whether you're a traveler on a tight budget or an aficionado of design and history, Lima’s architectural marvels are accessible and full of wonder. Each building offers something different — from awe-inspiring cathedrals that date back to the Spanish colonial period to indigenous ruins that precede the Incas. While wandering through the streets, you’ll encounter monumental buildings that have witnessed the evolution of Peru, both politically and culturally.
In this guide, on the Top 10 Architectural Marvels in Lima we explore 10 architectural wonders in Lima, providing a blend of history, aesthetics, and practical tips for curious explorers. Whether you want to snap beautiful photos, learn about Peru’s complex history, or simply admire stunning design, these buildings are a must-visit during your stay in Lima.
Top 10 Architectural Marvels in Lima
No.1 to No.5
No.01. Plaza Mayor (or Plaza de Armas)
Year of Construction: Founded in 1535.
Built by: Francisco Pizarro, the Spanish conquistador.
Purpose: Designed as the city’s center for governmental and religious affairs.
Why it's special: Plaza Mayor is not just the heart of Lima; it's the birthplace of the city. It was here that the Spanish laid the first foundations for the capital in 1535, and ever since, it has served as a hub for Lima’s major political, religious, and cultural events. The plaza is surrounded by some of Lima’s most important colonial buildings, including the Cathedral of Lima, the Government Palace, and the Archbishop’s Palace.
The square itself is beautifully maintained, with manicured gardens, ornate water fountains, and a distinctly Spanish colonial layout. Backpackers will find Plaza Mayor a vibrant and easy-to-reach starting point for exploring the city's history, while architecture lovers can admire the square’s design and the magnificent buildings that surround it.
What to explore: Spend time walking around the square, taking in the striking yellow buildings, and exploring the stunning facades of the nearby landmarks. Whether you're taking photos or simply soaking in the atmosphere, this spot captures the essence of Lima’s colonial past.
No.02. Cathedral of Lima
Year of Construction: Began in 1535; reconstructions completed in 1746.
Built by: Commissioned by Francisco Pizarro, who is also buried here.
Architect: Several architects contributed over time, including Pedro de Noguera, who was involved in its reconstruction after an earthquake in 1746.
Purpose: Constructed as the principal Catholic cathedral of Lima and a symbol of Spanish religious authority.
Why it's special: The Cathedral of Lima is a stunning blend of Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque architectural styles, making it one of the most significant religious sites in Peru. Its grand facade dominates the Plaza Mayor, immediately drawing attention with its intricate carvings and large bell towers.
Inside, the cathedral features 14 chapels, with each displaying beautiful religious art and altarpieces. The building also houses the remains of Lima’s founder, Francisco Pizarro, making it an important pilgrimage site for history buffs. For architecture lovers, the combination of European design elements and indigenous craftsmanship makes the cathedral stand out as a symbol of cultural fusion during the colonial period.
What to explore: Step inside the cathedral to admire the grand altarpieces, detailed woodwork, and religious paintings. Make sure to visit Francisco Pizarro’s tomb and explore the small museum within the cathedral, which holds religious artefacts.
No.3. Convent of San Francisco
Year of Construction: Completed in 1672.
Built by: Built by the Franciscan Order.
Architect: Constantino de Vasconcellos, a Portuguese architect, who designed the building in a distinct Spanish Baroque style.
Purpose: A religious monastery and place of worship.
Why it's special: The Convent of San Francisco is renowned for its extraordinary Spanish Baroque architecture, particularly its detailed facade and interiors. However, what makes this site truly stand out is its network of underground catacombs, which were used as a burial site during the colonial era. The convent’s vast library, filled with centuries-old texts, is another highlight for visitors who are keen on history and literature.
The architecture itself is a marvel, featuring elaborate wooden carvings, an impressive dome, and intricate frescoes on the ceilings. The convent also houses various pieces of religious art, including a famous painting of the Last Supper with traditional Peruvian ingredients such as guinea pig on the table.
What to explore: A guided tour of the convent offers a deep dive into Lima’s colonial past. Architecture lovers will appreciate the Baroque detailing, while the catacombs, with their eerie piles of bones, provide an unforgettable experience for backpackers and curious tourists alike. Don’t miss the convent’s extensive library, which is a hidden gem for literature enthusiasts.
No.4. Torre Tagle Palace
Year of Construction: 1735.
Built by: Don José Bernardo de Tagle, the Marquis of Torre Tagle.
Architect: Unknown; however, it was likely designed by local craftsmen under the supervision of the Marquis.
Purpose: Built as the residence for the Tagle family, one of the wealthiest and most influential in colonial Lima.
Why it's special: The Torre Tagle Palace is a prime example of colonial architecture, showcasing a mix of Moorish, Andalusian, and indigenous Peruvian influences. The most striking feature of this building is its beautifully carved wooden balconies, which have become a symbol of Lima’s colonial past. The palace’s ornate facade, with its lavishly decorated stone and wooden elements, highlights the wealth and power of the Tagle family during the 18th century.
Today, the palace is home to Peru’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, so visitors can only admire its beauty from the outside. However, its external architecture alone is worth a visit, especially for those fascinated by the blending of various cultural styles in a single building.
What to explore: Though interior access is limited, visitors can walk around the building and take in its facade. The wooden balconies are particularly photogenic, and backpackers will find the area around Torre Tagle great for exploring Lima’s historic streets.
5. Government Palace (Palacio de Gobierno)
Year of Construction: Originally built in 1535; the current structure was completed in 1938.
Built by: Originally commissioned by Francisco Pizarro.
Architect: Ricardo de Jaxa Malachowski (1938 reconstruction).
Purpose: The seat of the Peruvian government and the residence of the president.
Why it's special: The Government Palace is a symbol of Peru’s political power and history. Its design combines French Baroque and Neoclassical elements, making it a striking addition to the Plaza Mayor. The current building dates back to 1938, when architect Ricardo de Jaxa Malachowski oversaw its reconstruction, giving it a modern yet classic look.
The palace is known for its ceremonial changing of the guard, which draws crowds daily. Its location and imposing architecture make it one of the most iconic government buildings in South America.
What to explore: While tours inside the palace are limited, visitors can explore the beautiful exteriors and gardens. Backpackers and architecture lovers alike will appreciate the grand design, with its ornate details and significant historical importance. Don’t miss the guard-changing ceremony, a spectacle worth seeing.
Top 10 Architectural Marvels in Lima
No.6 to No.10
6. Larco Museum (Museo Larco)
Year of Construction: The building dates back to the 18th century.
Built by: Originally constructed as a colonial mansion.
Architect: Unknown; the museum building was adapted from an 18th-century mansion but has been extensively restored.
Website: https://www.museolarco.org/
Purpose: It was initially a colonial mansion, now housing the Larco Museum’s vast collection of pre-Columbian art.
Why it's special: Located in a beautiful 18th-century mansion, the Larco Museum offers visitors a unique chance to explore Peru’s ancient history while admiring the architecture of the building itself. The museum houses one of the most comprehensive collections of pre-Columbian art in the world, including a famed collection of erotic pottery, which gives insight into the rich cultural and artistic traditions of Peru’s ancient civilisations.
The mansion is a classic example of colonial architecture, complete with whitewashed walls, red-tile roofs, and stunning gardens. For architecture enthusiasts, it offers a blend of history and design, while backpackers will enjoy its tranquil ambiance and the incredible museum exhibits.
What to explore: Wander through the beautifully maintained gardens before heading inside to explore the galleries, which are filled with artefacts from Peru’s many ancient cultures. The combination of art, history, and architecture makes this a must-visit spot for travellers.
7. Huaca Pucllana
Year of Construction: Built between 200 and 700 AD.
Built by: The Lima culture, a pre-Inca civilization.
Architect: Constructed by ancient builders of the Lima civilization.
Purpose: Huaca Pucllana served as a ceremonial and administrative center for the Lima culture.
Why it's special: Huaca Pucllana is an incredible example of ancient Peruvian architecture, predating the Incas. This adobe and clay pyramid, standing in the heart of the modern Miraflores district, offers a sharp contrast to the urban environment surrounding it. It was built by the Lima culture as a ceremonial and administrative hub, and today it provides a fascinating glimpse into pre-Columbian life.
The structure is built from small adobe bricks stacked vertically, creating a unique construction technique that has allowed it to withstand centuries of earthquakes. For those interested in archaeology and architecture, the way the pyramid has been preserved and restored is impressive, offering an experience like no other in the bustling city of Lima.
What to explore: Take a guided tour to explore the different levels of the pyramid, learning about its history and the significance of the site. There’s also an on-site museum that provides more context about the Lima culture. For backpackers, Huaca Pucllana offers a historical break from the modern Miraflores area, and for architecture lovers, it’s a rare opportunity to see an ancient structure preserved within a contemporary city.
8. Casa de la Literatura Peruana
Year of Construction: Built in 1912.
Built by: Originally designed as Lima’s central train station.
Architect: Rafael Marquina.
Purpose: Initially, it served as Lima’s central train station, now transformed into a literary museum celebrating Peruvian literature.
Why it's special: This building is a great example of Beaux-Arts architecture, which was popular in Lima during the early 20th century. With its neoclassical columns, grand entrance, and sweeping interior spaces, it has retained its architectural beauty while being repurposed as a museum. Casa de la Literatura Peruana now celebrates the country’s rich literary heritage, offering a fascinating journey through the works of Peru’s greatest writers.
For architecture lovers, the building’s design reflects a time of urban expansion in Lima, where European styles influenced many public structures. Backpackers will appreciate its proximity to the historical center and the opportunity to learn more about Peruvian culture in an aesthetically pleasing space.
What to explore: Inside, visitors can explore exhibits dedicated to Peruvian literature and its prominent authors. The building itself is worth admiring, from the high ceilings to the intricate detailing in the architecture. Its transformation from a train station to a cultural center adds another layer of intrigue to the visit.
9. Real Felipe Fortress
Year of Construction: Built between 1747 and 1774.
Built by: Commissioned by the Viceroyalty of Peru.
Architect: Designed by French architect Louis Godin.
Purpose: Constructed to defend the city of Lima and its port from pirate attacks.
Why it's special: Real Felipe Fortress is one of the largest colonial military fortifications in South America. It was built to protect Lima’s port, Callao, from pirate raids, and today it stands as a symbol of Spain’s efforts to defend its New World territories. Its pentagonal design, complete with bastions and high walls, is typical of military architecture from the 18th century.
The fortress houses a military museum, where visitors can learn about its role in Peru’s history, from the colonial period to the wars of independence. For architecture enthusiasts, the scale and precision of its design are impressive, while backpackers can enjoy the panoramic views of the Pacific Ocean from the fortress walls.
What to explore: Walk along the fortress walls and visit the military museum inside to learn about the history of the building and its significance. The fortress offers a different perspective on Lima’s colonial past, making it an exciting destination for both history buffs and casual visitors alike.
10. Lima Art Museum (Museo de Arte de Lima – MALI)
Year of Construction: Built in 1872.
Built by: Constructed for the Lima Exhibition of 1872.
Architect: Italian architect Antonio Leonardi.
Website: https://www.mali.pe/
Purpose: Originally built for the Lima Exhibition, now home to one of the largest collections of Peruvian art.
Why it's special: The Lima Art Museum, or MALI, is housed in a stunning Neo-Renaissance building that was originally constructed for an international exhibition. Over time, it has been repurposed as a major cultural institution, showcasing art from pre-Columbian times to the modern era. The building itself is a work of art, with its symmetrical design, large windows, and ornate detailing.
For architecture lovers, MALI offers an opportunity to explore one of Lima’s most beautiful 19th-century buildings. Inside, the collection spans centuries, making it a must-visit for anyone interested in Peru’s artistic evolution. Backpackers will enjoy the museum's diverse exhibits, from ancient ceramics to contemporary paintings, all housed in a historic architectural gem.
What to explore: Wander through the galleries to see the impressive art collection, and take a moment to appreciate the building’s design. The museum’s location in the Exposition Park also makes it a great spot for a relaxing stroll after your visit.
Top 10 Architectural Marvels In Lima On The Map.
Bonus 01 Moe's Bar (Now closed ☹️)!
Why it's special: Yes you heard me right for those staying in MiraFlores you will find you are not a million miles away from the Simpsons classic of Moe's Bar (although it has now closed down. This was a bit more of a 'quirky' bar that was fun to check out for a drink but unfortunately it is now gone!
Bonus 02 China Town
Why it's special: Chinatown in Lima, Peru, known as "Barrio Chino," has its roots in the mid-19th century when Chinese immigrants, mainly from Guangdong, arrived to work in agriculture, replacing African slaves after abolition. As they settled in Lima, they established the Barrio Chino around Capón Street, bringing Chinese culture, food, and traditions to the area. Over time, it became a vibrant hub of commerce and culture, especially known for its Chifa restaurants, which blend Chinese and Peruvian culinary traditions. Today, Lima's Chinatown remains an important symbol of Peru’s multicultural identity. Its a must visit during your time in Lima and frankly, you will find some unbelievable food at good prices.
Conclusion To Our Architectural Marvels in Lima
Lima’s architectural marvels offer a fascinating journey through time, from pre-Columbian structures like Huaca Pucllana to colonial masterpieces such as the Convent of San Francisco. For both backpackers and architecture lovers, the city presents a wealth of historical and aesthetic treasures, each with its own story to tell. These buildings not only showcase diverse architectural styles but also reflect Lima’s evolution as a cultural and political centre.
Whether you're strolling through Plaza Mayor, exploring the catacombs beneath San Francisco, or marvelling at the grandeur of the Government Palace, Lima’s architecture invites you to dive deeper into its rich history. As you plan your travels, be sure to include these landmarks in your itinerary. Each site is easily accessible and offers a unique experience, making Lima a perfect destination for adventurers with a passion for architecture and history.
If you agree with out top 10 let us know in the comments below or let us know what you would add to the list. If you would like to check out our top 10 in Mexico City then check them out on our post Discovering the Best 10 Architectural Wonders of Mexico City
Until the next one take care explorers. Jack
For the curious explorer
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